Gastroshiza is a rare birth problem that happens when a baby’s belly wall does not form properly. Because of this, the intestines, and sometimes other organs, come out through a small hole near the belly button. Unlike a condition called omphalocele, these organs are not covered by a thin sac.
This article explains what Gastroshiza is, how common it is, what causes it, how doctors find it, how it is treated, and what life looks like after surgery. You’ll also learn about survival rates, family support, and global awareness efforts.
Gastroshiza vs. Omphalocele
The difference between Gastroshiza and Omphalocele is important. In Gastroshiza, the organs are outside the body with no covering. In an Omphalocele, the organs are covered by a thin sac. This simple difference helps doctors decide on treatment.
How Common is Gastroshiza?
Gastroshiza is rare but becoming more common worldwide. It affects about 1 in every 5,000–10,000 births. Young mothers are most at risk. Research shows that cases have increased in both developed and developing countries over recent decades.
Global Numbers
The frequency of Gastroshiza changes from region to region. In the USA, it is higher compared to Asia. Doctors track these numbers to understand patterns and improve care. Studies show the rise may be linked to lifestyle and environment.
| Region | Cases per 10,000 births | Source |
| USA | 4.9 | CDC |
| Europe | 3–4 | Eurocat Registry |
| Asia | 1–2 | WHO |
Causes and Risk Factors of Gastroshiza
The exact cause of Gastroshiza is not known. Doctors believe it results from a mix of genetic and environmental factors. Research shows that young mothers’ smoking, alcohol, and chemical exposure increase the risk during pregnancy.
Who is at Higher Risk?
Not all mothers face the same level of risk. Younger mothers under 20 years old face the highest chances. Other factors like smoking, alcohol, or certain medicines raise the risks. Avoiding these can lower the chances of Gastroshiza.
Diagnosis of Gastroshiza During Pregnancy
Doctors can detect Gastroshiza before birth. Early diagnosis allows hospitals to prepare for treatment soon after delivery. Most cases are found during pregnancy scans, making it possible for parents to receive the right support in advance.
Ultrasound Scan
An ultrasound is the most common way to detect Gastroshiza. It is usually done between 16–20 weeks of pregnancy. Doctors see the intestines floating outside the belly. This gives a clear and safe way to confirm the condition.
Blood Test (AFP Test)
The AFP test measures alpha-fetoprotein in the mother’s blood. Higher levels may point to Gastroshiza. This test does not confirm the condition but alerts doctors to do more detailed scans for accuracy.
Advanced Imaging
Sometimes doctors need extra detail. In these cases, they may use a 3D ultrasound or MRI scan. These tests give a better look at the organs. This helps doctors plan surgery and care for the baby after birth.
Complications of Gastroshiza
Babies with Gastroshiza face several complications at birth. Their exposed intestines lose fluids quickly and risk infection. Doctors act fast to protect the organs. With proper care and surgery, most babies recover and grow up healthy.
At Birth
Right after birth, the exposed organs need protection. Doctors cover them with a sterile wrap. This prevents infection and dehydration. The baby is then prepared for surgery to place the organs back inside safely.
After Surgery
Some babies face problems even after surgery. They may have feeding issues or trouble absorbing nutrients. Sometimes the intestines take time to work properly. With NICU care and follow-up, most babies recover fully over time.
Treatment for Gastroshiza
Treatment for Gastroshiza always involves surgery. The goal is to place the organs back inside the belly safely. Doctors decide between a single surgery or a staged approach depending on the size of the opening and the baby’s condition.
Immediate Care After Birth
Right after delivery, doctors take quick steps. They cover the intestines with a sterile wrap to avoid infection. The baby receives fluids and antibiotics. These measures stabilise the baby before surgery begins.
Primary Surgery
In simple cases, surgeons return the organs into the belly in one operation. The hole is closed at once. This is called primary repair. It works best if the organs are not swollen and the hole is small.
Staged Surgery (Silo Method)
If the opening is large or the intestines are swollen, doctors use the silo method. A pouch holds the organs. Each day, doctors gently move them back inside. After a few days, the hole is closed with stitches.
Recovery and Care
Recovery takes time in the NICU. Babies first receive IV nutrition before moving to breast or bottle feeds. Doctors check for infections and bowel function. With care and patience, most babies grow stronger every week.
Survival Rates and Prognosis
Survival rates for Gastroshiza have improved greatly. With modern surgery and NICU support, more than 90% of babies survive. Decades ago, survival was much lower. Today, most babies grow up to live healthy and active lives.
Survival Over Time
Data shows big progress in survival rates. In the 1970s, only half of the babies survived. Today, nearly all survive with proper treatment. This improvement shows the success of medical advances in neonatal surgery.
| Decade | Survival Rate | Source |
| 1970s | 50–60% | PubMed |
| 2000s | 85–90% | CDC |
| Today | 90–95% | WHO |
Long-Term Outlook
Most children with Gastroshiza grow up healthy. Some may have feeding problems or slower growth, but regular follow-ups help. With proper care, they can attend school, play, and live normal lives without major issues.
Living with Gastroshiza – Family Support
Families of babies with Gastroshiza need strong support. The condition is stressful, but help is available. Support groups, counseling, and online communities give parents strength and information during difficult times. No family is alone in this journey.
Where Families Can Find Help
Parents can find help in many places. Non-profit groups, hospitals, and online forums are available. The Global Gastroschisis Foundation is one leading group. Support from other parents who faced the same challenge can bring hope and strength.
Awareness and Advocacy
Raising awareness about Gastroshiza helps more families and improves research. Special days and campaigns spread knowledge worldwide. These efforts also encourage early diagnosis and better treatment for babies born with this condition.
Gastroschisis Awareness Day
Every year on July 30th, families and groups observe Gastroschisis Awareness Day. Buildings and landmarks glow green worldwide. Parents share stories online. These events remind families they are not alone and help spread awareness globally.
Conclusion
Gastroshiza is a rare but treatable condition. Modern care has raised survival to over 90%. Families face challenges early, but long-term outcomes are positive. With awareness, support, and better treatment, children with Gastroshiza can live strong and healthy lives.
